土家摆手舞在“活态传承”中焕发新活力******
中新网湖北来凤12月18日电 (郭晓莹 武一力)换上藏青色长布衫，缠上黑色布帕，土家族农民彭大丙和数十位村民就成了大山的舞者。他们踩着鼓点，时而摆手，时而跺脚，时而侧身，时而挺腰，动作轻盈而刚健。
舞者踏着锣鼓的节拍尽情舞蹈。 周星亮 摄这是记者近日在湖北来凤县百福司镇茶堰坪摆手堂内看到的原生态摆手舞表演。彭大丙是来凤县摆手舞协会常务副会长，72岁的他跳了六十多年的摆手舞。
来凤是中国土家族摆手舞发源地。每当逢年过节及各种庆祝活动，村民们都会在摆手堂跳起摆手舞。清代《溪洲竹枝词》中有这样的诗句：“福石城中锦作窝，土王宫畔水生波，红灯万盏人千叠，一片缠绵摆手歌。”该诗生动描绘了土家族人民祭祀祖先和庆祝丰收时的歌舞盛况。
土家人整齐地变换着舞蹈动作。 郭晓莹 摄作为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产，摆手舞绵延流传在湘、鄂、渝、黔四省市交界的酉水流域及沅水流域。在长达两千余年的历史进程中，摆手舞彰显着土家族特有的文化，承载着历史。
“在我们土家族，从3岁的小孩到90岁的老人，人人都会跳摆手舞。只要锣鼓一响，我们就开始‘摆’起来。”百福司镇桂林书院社区居委委员邓凤英说，土家族人对摆手舞情有独钟。
耄耋老人跳起摆手舞。 郭晓莹 摄邓凤英是百福司镇摆手舞表演的编排者之一，她介绍，摆手舞的动作跟随着鼓点节奏依次变化，共有单摆、拜年、撒种、双摆、比脚、擦背、纺棉、抖灰和磨鹰展翅九个动作，动感粗犷的舞姿，展现着土家人对生活的热爱。
“跳摆手舞是有讲究的，同边手同边脚，腰杆要弯脚要梭(向前迈步)，不能踮脚，踮了脚的摆手舞没有气势，不好看。”摆手舞省级传承人彭南清一边给记者表演一边说，传统摆手舞动作古朴粗犷，有“龙行虎步”的风采。
彭南清说，土家族是有语言而无文字的古老民族，摆手舞就是土家族的“活态灵魂”和珍贵记忆。只有将摆手舞的传承与保护深入到当地群众的日常生活中去，才能让这个古老的文化瑰宝焕发生机和活力。
近年来，来凤县政府主导，整合各方资源，调动社会力量保护、传承与发展土家摆手舞。在当地政府的推动下，彭大丙、邓凤英、彭南清等一批摆手舞传承人多年来努力推动摆手舞进机关、进社区、进校园、进院落，实现“活态传承”。
如今，摆手舞从民间走向舞台，从国内走向国际，“摆”进了上海世博会，“摆”进了韩国，“摆”进了澳大利亚，“摆”进了群众的健身生活，实现了保护有效、传承有序。在土家人的摆动中，古老的舞蹈焕发出顽强的生命力。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
|
